Structural Glazed Facing Tile [wp]

�� SECTION 04245

�� STRUCTURAL GLAZED FACING TILE

PART 1� GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

�� A.� Structural glazed facing tile.

�� B.� Security and seismic structural glazed facing tile.

�� C.� Acoustical structural glazed facing tile.

�� D.� Glazed, coated, or uncoated jumbo/utility brick.

�� E.� Anchors, ties, and reinforcement.

�� F.� Mortar.

�� G.� Insulation.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

�� A.� Section 03300 - Cast-In-Place Concrete.

�� B.� Section 04200 - Unit Masonry.

�� C.� Section 07270 - Firestopping.

�� D.� Section 07600 - Flashing and Sheet Metal.

�� E.� Section 07900 - Joint Sealers.

1.3 REFERENCES

�� A.� ASTM A 82 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement.

�� B.� ASTM A 153 ‑ Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot‑Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware.

�� C.� ASTM A 525 ‑ Standard Specification for General Requirements for Steel Sheet, Zinc‑Coated (Galvanized) by the Hot‑Dip Process.

�� D.� ASTM A 615 - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.

�� E.� ASTM A 641 ‑ Standard Specification for Zinc‑Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire.

�� F.� ASTM C 126 - Standard Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units.

�� G.� ASTM C 144 - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar.

�� H.� ASTM C 150 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement.

�� I.� ASTM C 207 - Standard Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes.

�� J.� ASTM C 212 ‑ Standard Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile.

�� K.� ASTM C 216 - Standard Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale).

�� L.� ASTM C 270 - Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry.

�� M.� ASTM C 404 - Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout.

�� N.� ASTM C 476 - Standard Specification for Grout for Masonry.

�� O.� ASTM C 516 - Standard Specification for Vermiculite Loose Fill Thermal insulation.

�� P.� ASTM C 549 - Standard Specification for Perlite Loose Fill Insulation.

�� Q.� ASTM C 578 - Standard Specification for Preformed, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation.

�� R.� ASTM C 652 ‑ Standard Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale).

�� S.� ASTM C 979 - Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete.

�� T.� ASTM D 1056 - Standard Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge or Expanded Rubber.

�� U.� ASTM E 199 - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.

�� V.� FS HH-I-1972/1 - Insulation Board, Thermal, Polyurethane or Polyisocyanurate Faced with Aluminum Foil of Both Sides of the Foam.

�� W.� Technical Notes on Brick Construction;� Brick Institute of America (BIA).

1.4 SUBMITTALS

�� A.� Submit under provisions of Section 01300.

�� B.� Product Data:� Provide manufacturer's standard details and installation instructions.

�� C.� Shop Drawings:� Submit shop drawings showing elevations of walls and details of construction;� clearly indicate special shapes, shape numbers, and applicable dimensions.

�� D.� Certificates: Submit certificates of compliance for materials listed below.� Include laboratory test report and supporting test data, if requested by the Architect.

�� 1.� Masonry units.

�� 2.� Mortar materials.

�� 3.� Anchors, ties, and reinforcement.

�� 4.� Insulation.

�� E.� Samples:�

�� 1.� Submit sample sets of each type, color, and texture of masonry unit;� each set shall comprise not less than 3 units that show complete range of color and texture to be expected in project.

�� 2.� Submit actual samples of colored mortar.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

�� A.� Mock-Ups:

�� 1.� Construct mock-ups to demonstrate standard of workmanship and appearance of masonry work.� Mock shall include:

�� a.� Masonry units, bond pattern, mortar, tooling.

�� b.� Mortar color.

�� c.� Anchors, ties, and reinforcement.

�� d.� Insulation.

�� e.� Weep holes.

�� f.� Back-up construction.

�� g.� Parging and dampproofing.

�� g.� Cleaning.

�� 2.� Construct mock-ups for each distinct type of masonry and pattern, and in locations on-site as directed by the Architect.

�� a.� Size:� 4 feet by 4 feet, minimum.

�� 3.� Adjust mock-ups as necessary to obtain the approval of the Architect.

�� 4.� Demolish approved mock-ups only after completion and approval of masonry work for the project.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

�� A.� Handle and store masonry units in protective cartons or trays.� Take all precautions necessary to protect units from damage.� Do not remove units from the protective cartons or trays until installation.�

�� 1.� Damaged units will not be accepted.

�� 2.� Store masonry units under weather-tight cover that permits air circulation.

�� B.� Store aggregates to exclude foreign matter and to maintain gradation.�

�� C.� Protect cementitious materials from moisture.

�� D.� Keep anchors, ties, and reinforcement free of corrosion and mud.

�� E.� Store insulation under weather-tight cover that permits air circulation.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

�� A.� Cold Weather Protection:

�� 1.� Heat and protect materials in cold weather.� Do not use frozen or ice-covered material.

�� 2.� Do not lay masonry units or mortar unless ambient and surface temperatures are 40 degrees F and rising, unless properly protected in accordance with BIA recommendations;� construct temporary enclosures and heat masonry materials, if necessary.

�� B.� Hot Weather:� Install and protect masonry in accordance with BIA recommendations.

PART 2� PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURER

�� A.� Provide masonry units manufactured by Stark Ceramics, Inc., P.O. Box 8860, Canton, Ohio� 44711.� Telephone 800-321-0662.

�� 1.� Substitutions will not be acceptable.

2.2 INTERIOR STRUCTURAL GLAZED FACING TILE

�� A.� Horizontally Cored Units:�

�� 1.� Comply with ASTM C 126, Grade SS (select sized), ground ends.

�� 2.� Surface hardness:� 5 or greater, MOHS Hardness Scale.

�� B.� Size:

�� 1.� 6T series:� Nominal face dimension of 5-1/3 x 12 inches.

�� 2.� 4W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 8 inches.

�� 3.� 8W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 4.� Bed depth as indicated on the drawings.

�� C.� Colors:� As indicated.

2.3 INTERIOR SECURITY AND SEISMIC STRUCTURAL GLAZED FACING TILE

�� A.� Units:�

�� 1.� Comply with ASTM C 126, Grade SS (select sized), ground ends.

�� 2.� Surface hardness:� 5 or greater, MOHS Hardness Scale.

�� B.� Size:�

�� 1.� 8W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 2.� Bed depth as indicated on the drawings.

�� a.� 4-inch depth seismic units vertically cored.

�� b.� 4-inch security units vertically cored with notch for horizontal reinforcing steel.

�� c.� 6-inch depth horizontally and vertically cored.

�� d.� 8-inch depth horizontally and vertically cored.

�� C.� Colors:� As indicated.

2.4 INTERIOR ACOUSTICAL STRUCTURAL GLAZED FACING TILE

�� A.� Horizontally Cored Units:�

�� 1.� Comply with ASTM C 126, Grade SS (select sized), ground ends.

�� 2.� Surface hardness:� 5 or greater, MOHS Hardness Scale.

�� B.� Size:

�� 1.� 6T series:� Nominal face dimension of 5-1/3 x 12 inches.

�� 2.� 4W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 8 inches.

�� 3.� 8W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 4.� 4-inch bed depth.

�� C.� Colors:� As indicated.

2.5 "COST CUTTER" INTERIOR STRUCTURAL GLAZED FACING TILE

�� A.� Horizontally Cored Units:�

�� 1.� Comply with ASTM C 212, Type FTX.

�� 2.� Surface hardness:� 5 or greater, MOHS Hardness Scale.

�� B.� Size:

�� 1.� 6T series:� Nominal face dimension of 5-1/3 x 12 inches.

�� 2.� 4W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 8 inches.

�� 3.� 8W series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 4.� Bed depth as indicated on the drawings.

�� C.� Color:� #904 Clear Cream Glaze.

2.6 "BUDGET SAVER" INTERIOR STRUCTURAL GLAZED FACING TILE

�� A.� Vertically Cored Units:�

�� 1.� Comply with ASTM C 212, Type FTX.

�� 2.� Surface hardness:� 5 or greater, MOHS Hardness Scale.

�� B.� Size:

�� 1.� 8WV series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 2.� 8WV/NCH series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches with notch for horizontal reinforcing steel.

�� 3.� Bed depth as indicated on the drawings.

�� C.� Color:

�� 1.� #516 Frost White Satin.

�� 2.� #815 Oatmeal.

2.7 INTERIOR SHAPES

�� A.� Provide manufacturer's standard shapes at external corners, sills, caps, and jambs:

�� 1.� Bullnose shape.� Furnish miters at bullnose sill and jamb intersection.

�� 2.� Square shape.

�� B.� Provide square internal corners.

�� C.� Base Course:

Delete base styles not required.�

�� 1.� Stretcher unit, without coved lip.

�� 2.� Recessed cove base with 1/2-inch coved lip.

�� 3.� Non-recessed coved base with 1/8-inch coved lip.

�� D.� Lintels:� Square unless otherwise indicated.

2.8 TECH 2000 SERIES EXTERIOR MASONRY UNITS

�� A.� Vertically Cored, Glazed Masonry Units, Shale Body: ASTM C 652, Type HBX, Grade SW.

�� B.� Glazed Finish and Size:� ASTM C 126, Grade SS, ground ends.

�� C.� Size:

�� 1.� D-88V series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 8 inches.

�� 2.� D-816 series: Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 3.� 4-inch bed depth.

�� D.� Shapes:�

�� 1.� Provide manufacturer's standard square shapes at external corners, sills, caps, jambs, and lintels.

�� 2.� Provide square internal corners.

�� E.� Colors:� As indicated.

2.9 MONOLITH SERIES EXTERIOR MASONRY UNITS

�� A.� Vertically Cored Masonry Units, Shale Body: ASTM C 652, Type HBX, Grade SW.

�� B.� Coated Finish.

�� C.� Size:

�� 1.� 88V series:� Nominal face dimension of 8 x 8 inches.

�� 2.� 816 series: Nominal face dimension of 8 x 16 inches.

�� 3.� 4-inch bed depth.

�� D.� Shapes:�

�� 1.� Provide manufacturer's standard square shapes at external corners, sills, caps, jambs, and lintels.

�� 2.� Provide square internal corners.

�� E.� Colors:� As indicated.

2.10�� JUMBO/UTILITY BRICK

�� A.� Brick Units, Shale Body.�

�� 1.� 4-inch bed depth units:� Compressive strength, modulus of rupture, water absorption, saturation coefficient, and efflorescence:� ASTM C 216, Type FBX, Grade SW.

�� 2.� 6 and 8-inch bed depth units, less than 60% solid:� ASTM 652, Type HBX, Grade SW.

�� B.� Size:

�� 1.� Nominal face dimension of 4 x 8 inches.

�� 2.� Nominal face dimension of 4 x 12 inches.

�� 3.� Bed depth as indicated on the drawings.

�� C.� Shapes:�

�� 1.� Provide manufactured shapes as indicated.

�� D.� Finish:

�� 1.� Uncoated.

�� 2.� Coated.

�� 3.� Glazed:� ASTM C 126.

�� E.� Colors:� As indicated.

2.11�� SURFACE BURNING CHARACTERISTICS

�� A.� All Units:

�� 1.� Flame spread rating:� 0.

�� 2.� Smoke developed:� 0.

2.12�� MORTAR AND GROUT MATERIALS

�� A.� Portland Cement:� ASTM C 150, Type I.

�� 1.� Use white cement where white mortar is required.

�� B.� Hydrated Lime:� ASTM C 207.

�� C.� Sand for Mortar:� ASTM C 144, natural sand.

�� 1.� 100 percent passing No. 8 sieve and 95 percent passing No. 16 sieve.

�� 2.� Where white or light-colored mortar is required, use white plastering sand.

�� D.� Sand for Pointing Mortar:� As above, except graded white sand 100 percent passing No. 50 sieve.

�� E.� Aggregates for Grout:� C 404.

�� F.� Water:� Potable, unless otherwise approved, and free from matter that could impair suitability for use in mortar.

�� G.� Color Pigments:� ASTM C 979.

�� 1.� Inert, nonfading, alkali resistant, water-insoluble mineral pigments only.

�� H.� Admixtures:� Add only upon approval of the Architect.� Admixtures shall not adversely affect mortar bond or compressive strength compared to mortar prior to the addition of admixtures.� Admixtures shall not contain calcium chloride, chloride salts, or other chemicals that may deleteriously affect metals embedded in mortar.

2.13�� ANCHORS, TIES, AND JOINT REINFORCEMENT

�� A.� Materials:

�� 1.� Sheet metal anchors and ties:�

�� a.� Completely embedded in mortar or grout:� ASTM A 525 steel sheet with G60 zinc coating.

�� b.� Interior walls subject to wetting:� Hot-dip galvanized, ASTM A 153, Class B-2.

�� c.� Exterior walls:� Hot-dip galvanized, ASTM A 153, Class B-2.

�� d.� Dovetail slots:� ASTM A 525 steel sheet with G90 zinc coating.

�� 2.� Wire ties:� Steel wire,� ASTM A 82.

�� a.� Dry interior walls:� Zinc coated, ASTM A 641, Class 3.

�� b.� Interior walls subject to wetting:� Hot-dip galvanized, ASTM A 153, Class B-2.

�� c.� Exterior walls:� Hot-dip galvanized, ASTM A 153, Class B-2.

�� 3.� Joint reinforcement:� Steel wire,� ASTM A 82.

�� a.� Dry interior walls:� Zinc coated, ASTM A 641, Class 1.

�� b.� Interior walls subject to wetting:� ASTM A 153, Class B-2.

�� c.� Exterior walls:� Hot-dip galvanized:� ASTM A 153, Class B-2.

�� B.� Dovetail Anchors:

�� 1.� Wall intersections with abutting square-end units:� 1 inch wide, 16 gage steel.

�� 2.� Walls to beams, slabs, and columns:� 12 gage sheet metal anchors with 0.1875-inch diameter triangular wire ties;� length to within 1 inch of exposed masonry face.

�� 3.� Dovetail slots:� not less than 22 gage sheet metal with filler strips.

�� C.� Rigid Anchors:� Steel sheet 1-1/2 inches wide by 1/4 inch thick, with ends turned in opposite directions not less than 2 inches;� length not less than 24 inches.

�� D.� Strap Anchors:� Steel sheet 1-1/2 inches wide by 1/4 inch thick, with ends turned in opposite directions not less than 2 inches;� length to span cavity and embed turned ends in masonry cells.

�� E.� Anchors to Steel Frame:

�� 1.� Triangular-shaped wire tie, 6 gage steel wire, length to extend within 1/2 inch of exposed masonry face.

�� 2.� 12 gage strap or 1/4 inch rod welded to steel frame to provide not less than 4 inches vertical adjustment of each tie.

�� 3.� 1/16-inch maximum clearance between tie and restraint.

�� F.� Corrugated Ties:� Steel sheet.

�� 1.� Width:

�� a.� 7/8 inch.

�� b.� 1-1/4 inch.

�� 2.� For wood back-up:� 22 gage steel;� 1-1/2 inch turn-up plus length to within 1/2 inch of exposed masonry face.

�� 3.� For masonry back-up:� 24 gage steel;� length 1 inch less than wall width.

�� G.� Individual Ties:

�� 1.� Adjustable, 3/16-inch diameter, U-shaped double pintle tab ties projecting into outer wythe 3 inches.� 1/16-inch maximum clearance between ties and restraint.

�� H.� Wire Mesh Ties:� 1/2-inch mesh;� 16 gage wires.

�� 1.� Single-wythe walls:�

�� a.� Width:� 1 inch less than actual depth of wall.

�� b.� Length:� 12 inches.

�� 2.� Double-wythe, cavity wall ties:� Not less than 3 inches wide;� length equal to wall width less 1 inch.

�� I.� Cavity Wall and Multiple Wythe Wall Ties:� As specified under joint reinforcement.

�� J.� Joint Reinforcement:� Factory-fabricated from steel wire with welded construction.

�� 1.� Design for single wythe walls:� 2 deformed longitudinal wires.

�� a.� Truss type transverse wires.

�� b.� Ladder type transverse wires.

�� 2.� Design for multiple wythe walls, both wythes constructed simultaneously:� 3 or 4 deformed longitudinal wires.

�� a.� Truss type transverse wires.

�� b.� Ladder type transverse wires.

�� 3.� Design for cavity walls, wythes constructed sequentially:� 2 deformed longitudinal wires.

�� a.� Truss type transverse wires.

�� b.� Ladder type transverse wires.

�� c.� Adjustable, 3/16-inch diameter, U-shaped double pintle tab ties projecting into other wythe 3 inches.� Ties spaced at 24 inches on center, maximum.� 1/16-inch maximum clearance between ties and restraint.

�� d.� Sized to secure insulation behind pintles.

�� 4.� Width:� 2 inches less than nominal width of wall.

�� 5.� Longitudinal wires:� 9 gage deformed wires.

�� 6.� Transverse wires:� 9 gage, welded to longitudinal wires at 16 inches, maximum, on center.

�� 7.� Furnish straight lengths 10 feet long.

�� 8.� Furnish factory-formed pieces at corners and intersections.

2.14�� REINFORCING BARS

�� A.� Reinforcing Bars:� ASTM A 615, deformed bars.

�� 1.� Grade 40.

�� 2.� Grade 60.

�� B.� Shear Bars:� Flat steel, 1 inch wide by 1/4 inch thick, not less than 12 inches long.

2.15�� INSULATION

�� A.� Loose-Fill Insulation:� Vermiculite (ASTM C 516, Type 4) treated for water repellency; or perlite (ASTM C 549) treated for water repellency; or polystyrene granules, approximately 1/8 inch in diameter, produced by granulating polystyrene board conforming to Fed. Spec. HH-I-524, Type I or II, Class A.

�� B.� Board-Type Insulation:�

�� 1.� Thickness:�

�� a.� 1 inch.

�� b.� 1-1/2 inches.

�� c.� 2 inches.

�� d.� As indicated on the drawings.

Indicate required thickness, above.

�� 2.� Extruded polystyrene:� ASTM C 578, Type IV.

�� 3.� Polyisocyanurate:� Fed. Spec. HH-I-1972/1.

�� 4.� Secure insulation with pintle ties in cavity walls.

�� 5.� Provide joint reinforcement manufacturer's standard retaining clips where unit ties or standard joint reinforcement are used.

�� 6.� Insulation adhesive:� As recommended by manufacturer.

2.16�� MASONRY ACCESSORIES

�� A.� Weep Holes:�

�� 1.� 1/4-inch diameter medium density polyethylene tubing.

�� 2.� Glass fiber ropes, 3/8-inch diameter, 12 inches long.

�� B.� Preformed Compressible Joint Filler:� Closed cell neoprene, ASTM D 1056, Type 2, Class A, Grade 1, B2F1.

�� C.� Premolded Control Joint Key:� Extruded shape to fit standard sash block;� durometer harness 80 or greater.

�� 1.� Rubber, ASTM C 2000, Class 2AA-805.

�� 2.� PVC, ASTM D 2287, Type PVC 654-4.

�� D.� Flashing:� Specified in Section 07600.

�� E.� Sealant:� Specified in Section 07900.

2.17�� MIXING

�� A.� Batch materials using containers of known volume.

�� B.� Mortar: �Mechanically batch mixed and complying with ASTM C 270.

�� 1.� Proportion specification:� Do not use masonry cement.

�� C.� Pointing Mortar:� Proportion 1 part white Portland cement, 2 parts sand for pointing mortar, and 1/8 part hydrated lime plus either ammonium stearate or calcium stearate equal to 2 percent by weight of cement.

�� D.� Grout:� Mechanically batch mixed and complying with ASTM C 476.

�� 1.� Fine grout:� Locations with smallest dimension 2 inches or less.

�� 2.� Fine or coarse grout:� Locations with smallest dimension over 2 inches.

PART 3� EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION

�� A.� Verify that dimensions are correct and substrate is in proper condition for installation.� Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 FIRE RATINGS

�� A.� Provide materials and construction identical to assemblies tested in accordance with ASTM E 119 where fire-resistance-rated construction is indicated.

3.3 INSTALLATION

�� A.� Laying Masonry Units:

�� 1.� Lay in running bond unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.

�� 2.� Lay out first course of each run and adjust bond to openings and corners before proceeding.

�� 3.� Lay units in full face shell mortar bed.� Fill head and end joints with mortar.� Lay walls and corners plumb and courses level.

�� 4.� Adjust units into final position while mortar is still plastic.� If units are moved after mortar has initially set, remove and clean the units and relay with fresh mortar.

�� 5.� Interrupt longitudinal runs of masonry only by racking back each course by one unit length of bond, according to bonding pattern (1/2 unit in running bond, 1 full unit in stack bond, etc.).� Do not tooth-in courses.

�� 6.� Except where adjustable ties are used in cavity walls, lay up simultaneously the inner and outer wythes of multi-wythe walls.� To not bend ties or joint reinforcement after placement in mortar joints.

�� B.� Shapes:

�� 1.� Set cove base units so that base will be flush with finish floor.

�� 2.� Use manufactured shapes at corners, sills, caps, jambs, and lintels.

�� 3.� Do not use cut units where prefabricated shapes are available from manufacturer.

��

�� C.� Exterior Wall Collar Joints:

�� 1.� Composite walls:� Completely fill collar joint either by back parging and shoving units, or by grouting.

�� 2.� Cavity walls and masonry veneer:� Keep collar joint free of mortar bridges and droppings.� Use mortar boards wherever possible.� Place 5 to 8 inches of pea gravel in collar joint on top of flashing above support at foundations, shelf angles, and lintels.

3.4 ANCHORS, TIES, AND JOINT REINFORCEMENT

�� A.� Anchors:� Anchor walls to structural frame using anchors spaced not over 24 inches on center at floor slabs and beams, and not over 16 inches on center vertically at columns, unless other spacing is indicated on the drawings.

�� B.� Ties:�

�� 1.� In masonry veneer, locate ties to support not more than 3 square feet per tie, nor more than 16 inches on center vertically, nor more than 32 inches on center horizontally.

�� 2.� Stagger ties in alternate courses.

�� 3.� At openings, provide additional individual ties at 3 feet on center within 12 inches of opening.

�� 4.� Nail ties to wood studs with hot-dip galvanized nails, 8 penny or larger.

�� C.� Joint Reinforcement:

�� 1.� Install continuous joint reinforcement in:

�� a.� Single wythe walls.

�� b.� Back-up wythe of cavity walls where wythes are constructed sequentially.

�� c.� Continuous across both wythes of multi-wythe walls.

�� 2.� Locate at not more than 16 inches on center vertically.

�� 3.� Do not continue joint reinforcement through control joints.

�� 4.� Openings:� Install joint reinforcement 2 courses immediately above lintels and 2 courses immediately below sills;� extend 24 inches beyond jambs, except across control joints.

�� D.� Intersecting Walls:� Except where control joints are indicated, bond intersecting walls using any of the following:

�� 1.� Construct masonry bond with 50 percent of units overlapping units below by not less than 3 inches.

�� 2.� Install rigid anchors at not more than 4 feet on center vertically.

�� 3.� Joint reinforcement:

�� a.� Bond interior nonbearing intersecting walls with prefabricated L's and T's of joint reinforcement located not more than 16 inches on center vertically.

�� b.� Bond other intersecting walls with prefabricated L's and T's of joint reinforcement located not more than 8 inches on center vertically and extending at least 30 inches in each direction.

3.5 SECURITY AND SEISMIC TILE CONSTRUCTION

�� A.� Install units to ensure continuous, non-obstructed vertical cores.� Install vertical #4 bars full height of wall;� space bars at 8 inches on center and securely tie to reinforcing at floor. Install horizontal #4 bars full length of wall;� space bars at 8 inches on center and securely tie to each vertical bar and to reinforcing at ceiling.

�� B.� Unless otherwise indicated, continue horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars without interruption across penetrations.

�� C.� Fill cores with 3,000 psi concrete grout.

3.6 REINFORCEMENT AND GROUTING

�� A.� Secure reinforcement against displacement during grouting.� Maintain 1/2-inch clear between reinforcement and unit faces.

�� B.� Lap bars as indicated on the drawings.

�� C.� Bond Beams:� Install reinforcement continuously, including around corners except through control joints or expansion joints, unless otherwise indicated.

�� D.� Completely fill spaces containing reinforcing, and other spaces indicated, using low-lift technique.

�� E.� Completely fill spaces containing reinforcing, and other spaces indicated, using high-lift technique with cleanouts, or low-lift technique.

3.7 JOINTS

�� A.� Construct joints with face dimension as required by size of units.� Maintain modular coursing of units.

�� 1.� 1/4-inch, unless otherwise indicated.

�� 2.� 3/8-inch, unless otherwise indicated.

�� B.� Fire-Rated Walls:� Where resilient, control, or expansion joints are indicated, install firestopping, specified in Division 7.

�� C.� Joints between top of masonry and underside of concrete slabs for beams:�

�� 1.� Fill with mortar, unless otherwise indicated.

�� 2.� Where resilient joints are indicated in non-fire-rated construction, install backer and sealant, specified in Division 7.

�� D.� Control Joints:

�� 1.� Construct using either special control joint units, open-end stretcher units, metal sash jamb units on each side of joint and control joint key, or with shear bars, as indicated.

�� 2.� Space shear bars 16 inches on center vertically, centered across joint and longitudinally.� Grease one side of bar (and in thinner wythe at change in thickness).� Fill cells in vertical plane of bars on both sides of joint for full height of control joint, or use solid units and full bed joints.

�� E.� Expansion Joints:� Construct as indicated on the drawings.

�� F.� Relieve Joints:� Install resilient joint in course beneath supports in masonry veneer.� Install sealant, specified in Division 7.

�� G.� Rake joints in the following locations, and install sealant, specified in Division 7:

�� 1.� 3/8-inch deep, both sides:� Around exterior metal door frames.

�� 2.� 3/4-inch deep, weather side:�

�� a.� Control joints.

�� b.� Dummy joints in bond beams,

�� c.� Around wood frames.

�� d.� Around metal frames other than door frames.

�� e.� Joints in sills and copings.

�� 3.� Room side of exposed to view control joints:� 1/2-inch deep for square-end units, 1/4-inch deep for non-square-end units.

�� H.� Pointed Joints:� Lay glazed units in cement mortar and rake to a uniform depth of 3/8 inch deep; wipe mortar stains from tile faces.

�� 1.� Rub pointing mortar into raked joints with rubber float trowel, so as to ensure complete filling of joints.

�� 2.� Remove excess with a dry cloth.

�� 3.� Finish with jointing tool to a smooth, dense, concave profile.

�� I.� Epoxy Joints:� Lay units in cement mortar and rake to a uniform depth of 1/4 inch deep; wipe mortar stains from tile faces.� After curing not less than 24 hours, point with epoxy mortar.� Mix and install mortar and clean immediately, in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

�� J.� Joint Shape:

�� 1.� Exposed Mortar Joints:� Tool slightly concave with mortar thoroughly compacted and pressed against edges masonry units.� Finish to uniformly straight and true lines, smooth and free of tool marks.� Tool vertical joints first.� After tooling, wipe mortar residue off face of units with heavy cloth, taking care not to drag mortar joints.

�� 2.� Unexposed Mortar Joints:� Strike flush.

3.8 FLASHING

�� A.� Install flashing in the following locations in exterior walls:

�� 1.� Above lintels.

�� 2.� Above shelf angles.

�� 3.� Above other obstructions to the downward flow of water.

�� 4.� Beneath copings.

�� 5.� Beneath sills.

�� 6.� Other locations indicated.

�� B.� General:

�� 1.� Extend flashings full width of obstructions, and terminate with end dams.

�� 2.� Install sloped mortar bed to receive flashing.

�� 3.� Lap and seal ends and penetrations in accordance with flashing manufacturer's instructions.

�� 4.� Turn down flashing at exterior masonry face to form a drip.

�� 5.� At sills, turn up ends and interior edge to form a pan.

�� C.� Install weep holes at 24 inches on center in mortar joints of exterior wythe wherever downward flow of water in collar joint is interrupted by flashing.

3.9 INSULATION

�� A.� Install board-type insulation on inner wythe of cavity, secured with pintle-type ties, joint reinforcement manufacturer's standard insulation clips, or adhesive as recommended by insulation manufacturer.

�� 1.� Neatly fit between obstructions without gaps.

�� 2.� Butt adjoining panels.

�� B.� Install loose-fill insulation to completely fill cells of interior wythe of cavity walls.� Install alternately with masonry courses in not more than 2-foot lifts.� Do not tamp.

3.10�� EMBEDDED ITEMS

�� A.� Install embedded and built-in items as work progresses.� Fill surrounding spaces with mortar, allowing space for calking.

�� B.� Lintels:� Provide not less than 8 inches of bearing each side for masonry lintels, 4 inches for steel lintels.� Install loose lintels in a full bed of mortar.

�� C.� Adjust shelf angles to keep masonry level and at proper level.

�� D.� Fill voids of metal door frames with mortar, except where frames for prepared openings are indicated.

�� E.� Build in chases, slots, and recesses as work progresses.� Fill recess chases with mortar and finish flush after installation of utilities.

�� F.� Provide lintels above openings over 12 inches wide for pipes, ducts, cable trays, etc., unless steel sleeves are used.

3.11�� CUTTING AND PATCHING

�� A.� Provide full size standard units, supplied by the manufacturer wherever possible in lieu of cutting.� Do not cut installed materials without prior approval.� When approved, cutting and repairing shall be performed by mason mechanics.

�� B.� Cut units with power driven, water-fed, diamond masonry blade cutting saw, and in a manner not to damage surface finish.�

�� C.� Cut or form openings carefully so that wall plates or escutcheons will completely conceal the openings and will align with the lower edge of masonry joints.

�� D.� Repair work that will remain exposed so that patching is not visible.� Remove and replace work that cannot be satisfactorily repaired.

3.12�� CLEANING

�� A.� Allow mortar to attain initial set before cleaning.

�� B.� Wet exposed surfaces and clean with a solution of water and detergent, applied with brushes, followed immediately by a thorough rinsing with water.

�� C.� Do not use acid.

�� D.� All surfaces shall be clean, free from mortar, dirt, stains, and discoloration.

3.13�� PROTECTION

�� A.� Provide secured cover at tops of walls exposed to the weather at the end of each day's work.�

�� B.� Protect bases of walls from mud, mortar, and other stains.

�� C.� Protect completed masonry work from damage.

�� 1.� Damaged work:� Repair, or remove and install new conforming work to the satisfaction of the Architect.

�� 2.� Remove discolored units and install new conforming units.

�� D.� Where cutting, forming, welding, etc., occur near or above masonry work, provide substantial protection against damage, and in no case less than 1 layer of wood sheathing lapped and secured against displacement.

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